And we hope that by challenging our innate assumptions about the identity of male victims, we can make it even fractionally easier for a male rape victim to ask for help".
This reaction reflects a very American preoccupation with a person's perceived innate qualities; the assumption is that it's always important to know who a person is before making judgments about how the person acts.
The casual assumption of innate cognitive, moral, and emotional deficiencies in nonwhite humans goes back to David Hume and Thomas Carlyle, but, after Darwin, racism assumed a new, pseudo-scientific form, guided by the assumption that the "races" of human beings instantiated both earlier, wilder types and later, civilized types, each with the fixed characteristics of its breed.
These psychologists have put the assumptions about innate temperament on firmer footing, and they have also demonstrated that some of us, like Baby 19, are born anxious — or, more accurately, born predisposed to be anxious.
Yet, absent adequate ecological information, the assumptions of innate conflict between livestock and wildlife, and that cessation of grazing is not an action, as well as the norms of a politically popular yet ecologically unsupportable discourse of restoration, fill in the gaps.
Added to this issue over emotional boundaries was opposition from behaviourists who objected to the inclusion of the notion of subjective purposiveness in a science that was trying to be objective and to the assumption of its innate basis.
Drawing on neuroscience and experimental psychology to overturn the assumption that emotions are innate and universal, this book describes them as "goal-based concepts" designed to help us categorize experience.
In his recent book, "The Dependent Gene," Dr. David S. Moore, a professor of psychology at Pitzer College and Claremont Graduate University in California, offers a multitude of examples that challenge a reader's assumptions about what is innate and what isn't, and what it means to call something a "genetically" determined trait.
This exciting discovery complicates conventional distinctions between innate and adaptive responses and undercuts assumptions about clonal escape from tolerizing mechanisms.
This line of thought depends, among other things, upon the Enlightenment assumption that craft abilities are innate and widely distributed, and that, when rightly stimulated and trained, they allow craftsmen to become knowledgeable public persons.
