The GC-FID was equipped with a DB5-MS capillary column (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA), 15 m in length, 0.25 mm ID, and 0.25 µm film thickness, and a 0.75 mm ID SPME injection port liner operated in splitless mode at varying inlet temperatures (Table 1).
Therefore, using contour maps for aquifer transmissibility and groundwater tables, inlet and outlet sections of the aquifer were delineated in GIS based on the findings of discovering investigations (KRWA 2012).
Table 3 Inlet velocities (m/s).
The bottom substrate including a liquid chamber, an inlet, and a sideway outlet (Table 1) was fabricated using conventional micro-machining technology as described in our previous paper [20].
It shows strong positive correlation with TDS, HCO3−, and Ca2+ in inlet as well as outlet (Tables 4, 5).
Raw domestic wastewater (characteristics shown in Table 1) from the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant at Hoek van Holland, The Netherlands, was stored in a refrigerator for 4 h before using it for the experiments.
Once suitable removal efficiencies were obtained, four different stages of fixed styrene inlet loads and EBRTs were applied (Table 1) to examine the effects of increasing styrene inlet loads at two different EBRTs on biofilter performance.
In accordance with the selected operational parameters described in Table 1, average styrene inlet loads for stages 1 and 3 (22.0 ± 0.8 and 23.7 ± 1.6 g m−3 h−1) corresponded to average styrene inlet concentrations of 368 ± 12 and 282 ± 19 mg Nm−3, respectively (Table 2).
Table 1 Summary of the inlet conditions for the nozzles Central jet Annular inlet Velocity (m/s) 0.66 1.54 Diameter (m) 0.025 0.028 Density (kg/m3) 1.225 Viscosity (kg/ms) 1.7894 × 105 Intensity of turbulence 12 7.5.
The average difference when comparing the preoperative and postoperative CT scans was 2.04° (0°–6°) for the inlet and 2.54° (0°–7°) for the outlet view (Table 2).
