In addition, calcium sulphate crystals in both inked and ink-free parchment areas were observed through elemental micro-analysis; their presence was assigned to ion migration from inked areas to adjacent ink-free regions of the specimens.
The short-term complications reported so far include: headaches, severe photophobia, persistent foreign body sensation, and migration of ink staining.
The short-term complications reported so far have included: headaches, severe photophobia, persistent foreign body sensation, and migration of ink staining to nearby tissues [ 3, 4].
A significant increase in the intensity of the sulphate band (1160 1100 cm−1) due to migration from inked areas is observed, similarly to the LIG specimens.
For quality and safety of the package, a regular quality control of the used printing materials is necessary to get consistently good print results, to avoid migration of undesired ink components into the food and to identify potentially faulty ink batches.
Graphical abstract Consecutive infrared spectra of ink-free areas in parchment specimens, where calcium sulphate increase is marked due to ion migration.
Our literature search yielded case reports describing the migration of tattoo ink to regional lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer, melanoma, testicular seminoma, and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, making it difficult to differentiate grossly between the pigment and the metastatic disease, resulting in unnecessary treatment.
The most significant change is an increase in a broad peak centred at approximately 1135 cm−1, assigned to the v3 vibrational mode of calcium sulphate and attributed to migration of sulphates from inked to neighbouring ink-free areas, a phenomenon also observed through scanning electron microscopy and elemental microanalysis (Fig. 5).
It is also challenging to pattern emitters fabricated in this way though screen printing (the migration of CNT inks through patterned apertures within a regular mesh), as demonstrated by Kim et al. Though screen printing is indeed large-area compatible, it is rather low resolution and thus limits the degree of control over the detailed design of the electron source.
Despite the vast migration of information from ink and paper to bits and screens, it seemed remarkable that a set of books published for almost a quarter of a millennium would go out of print.
The case report states that the migration of the tattoo ink in the body makes it "difficult to differentiate between the pigment and the metastatic disease".
