Online estimation of injected flow rate shape could allow for closed-loop control of the piezoelectric injector, allowing the injection of sophisticated flow profiles.
Using an aqueous polyacrylamide solution, we examine the dependence of the diameter and velocity of the jet upon the ejector control parameters: injected flow rate, applied pressure drop, and distance from the discharge orifice.
LUV solutions were diluted with running buffer (pH 7.4) or acetate buffer (pH 5.0, 0.6–1 mM) and injected (flow rate of 10 µl/min), resulting in a deposition yielding measurements of 4000 6000 RU.
The performance of the injection system has been verified by means of injected flow-rate time histories, fuel injected quantities, leakages through the injector pilot-valve, electric driving signals and pressure transients, for different operating conditions, which refer to single and multiple injections.
First, specific attention was given to the effects that variations in the peak current values could have on the injected flow-rate.
The results presented that the injected air flow rate and injection method have a significant impact on the heat exchanger performance enhancement.
Only the knowledge of the injected air flow rate and the bubble liquid relative velocity is required.
0 0.5 min 100% eluent A, 0.5-10 mincreasease of eluent B from 0%to10%0%, 10 12 min decrease of eluent B from 10% back to 0% and 12 14 min again 100% eluent A. 10 μL sample was injected, a flow rate of 1 ml/min was adjusted and peaks were detected via UV at 220 nm.
At the first case study, an offshore petroleum well with gas lift artificial elevation is simulated – to determine the behavior of petroleum production as a function of the injected gas flow rate for different reservoir pressures and different wellbore diameters – and optimized to determine the maximum production considering different productivity indexes.
The results show that for given values of injected water flow rate (ṁw = 9.0 l/min) and height of the spray system (H = 3 m), a maximum temperature reduction and UTCI reduction of about 7 and 5 °C are achieved at pedestrian height.
