The initiative effect is evaluated by studying the development process and the resulting incentive schemes for each of the departments.
We adopt a theoretical framework where, when deciding about delegation, the principal should trade off an initiative effect against the potential cost of loss of control.
On June 8, the Police Department put new public safety initiatives into effect for public housing, an effort that began a year earlier partly in response to concerns raised by the Civilian Complaint Review Board.
So the NRA's educational and PR initiatives in effect make banning such weapons all the more difficult because they are becoming more "widely owned and commonly used for legitimate purposes".
I judged it necessary not simply to state an ethical proposition concerning climate change, but also to act on the proposition through practical policy initiatives whose effect could subsequently be measured.
Sorg et al. [7] have also noted that while there may be positive effects from "hot spot" initiatives, the effects may not last.
Plans to put the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative into effect two years ago were postponed because of a significant backlog in passport applications and delays getting sufficient staff and equipment in place.
George Osborne has conceded that his £130bn Help-to-Buy lending scheme could artificially inflate the housing market after he asked the Bank of England to monitor the initiative's effect on property prices two years earlier than scheduled.
Mr. Pataki pushed back vigorously during his testimony when a plaintiff's lawyer, Ameer Benno, tried to show that he had been deeply involved in planning and putting the initiative into effect.
The Obama administration declined to comment on the deliberations, but pointed to a statement the Justice Department issued on Wednesday — the day before the initiative took effect in Washington — in the name of the United States attorney in Seattle, Jenny A. Durkan.
