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Also, after censoring follow-up at July 2002 (to coincide with publication of the first results from the women's health initiative trials 27), significant differences between the effect of transdermal therapy and oral therapy persisted.
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The Women's Health Initiative trial reports an excess of heart disease in postmenopausal women receiving MPA.
During the development of WISDOM the Women's Health Initiative trial was designed, funded and started in the US.
In the more recent DO-RE-MI (DOse REsponse Multicentre International Collaborative Initiative) trial [ 7], even higher peaks of downtime duration were reported (up to 28%).
3 4 The perception of the risks and benefits of HRT and its timing has changed dramatically since the publication of the women's health initiative trial in 2002.
Prospective cohort studies found no association between fat intake and breast cancer, but a randomised trial organised within the Women's Health Initiative trial suggested a 9% reduction of borderline significance in breast cancer occurrence with decreased fat intake [ 3- 5].
44, 45 For example, in a study of postmenopausal women recruited to a Women's Health Initiative trial with or without osteoporosis, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation increased hip bone mineral density.
In the INITIATIVE trial, visual symptoms were reported by 16.3% of patients receiving ivabradine 7.5 mg twice daily and 5.6% of those in the atenolol 100 mg once daily group (Tardif et al. 2005).
Interestingly, elderly patients randomized in the INITIATIVE trial showed a tendency to greater effectiveness of ivabradine relative to the overall study population, in contrast to atenolol (Tendera et al. 2006).
In the INITIATIVE trial, comparing ivabradine with atenolol (Tardif et al. 2005), HR and RPP at trough drug activity were reduced in all groups both at rest and during exercise after 4 and 16 weeks.
The number of angina attacks per week and short-acting nitrate consumption decreased in all groups of patients in the INITIATIVE trial after 4 and 16 weeks, with no significant difference observed between the ivabradine and atenolol groups (Tardif et al. 2005) (Table 4).
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