Based on individually identifiable animals and a standardized flight initiation protocol, we measured the distance at which a deer detected an approaching threat, and the distance at which it subsequently initiated flight.
Trimarchi, J. R. & Schneiderman, A. M. Initiation of flight in the unrestrained fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
Thus, we conclude that TrpA1 activity induced the expression of the motor patterns associated with initiation of flight.
Wing elevation did not precede jumping, which would occur in initiation of flight, but rather the wings remained nestled against the fly's body, reminiscent of the escape response (Card and Dickinson 2008).
Three categories of induced behaviors resembling components of wild-type instinctive behavior were identified using these lines, including egg laying, initiation of flight, and feeding as detailed (Table 7).
When the subject was localized touching the decoy's cage and being engaged in a territorial dispute, or was observed on another frequently visited position (nest-box, nearby branch), we initiated our assessment of risk-taking by measuring flight initiation distance (FID, Blumstein 2003).
Jumping occurs at initiation of voluntary flight and the execution of the escape response (Card and Dickinson 2008).
We first quantified wariness in populations of swans at one urban and one non-urban wetland by estimating flight initiation distance [FID: the distance at which an escape response is initiated from an approaching pedestrian, a potentially-threatening stimulus, 17].
Hammond, S. & O'Shea, M. Escape flight initiation in the fly.
Card, G. & Dickinson, M. Performance trade-offs in the flight initiation of Drosophila.
