A recent large trial examining the effects of an antenatal peer support intervention to encourage breast feeding initiation, for example, provided no evidence of effect for this intervention, which had been considered a strong candidate for adoption.
Several of these pertain to events which have previously been recognized as important control points: ribosome synthesis and translation initiation, for example, are generally considered to limit the speed of cell growth and are implicated in oncogenesis [13].
That the genetic variants in question are associated with quantity smoked, rather than smoking initiation, for example, is both a strength and a limitation.
Besides cell differentiation, covalent-histone modifications are proposed to mark transcription initiation, for example, involving ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling, establishment of the pre-initiation complex, and allowing RNA polymerase II to start and proceed transcriptional elongation [ 7– 14].
Alternatively, it is possible that the H3-L61X mutants directly affect chromatin environments over transcribed genes in ways that cause cryptic intragenic transcription initiation, for example, by interfering with proper transcription-coupled nucleosome reassembly, which in turn could in some manner cause a shift in Spt16 distribution toward the 3′ ends of genes.
For example, for the initiation of LPS to activate intracellular TLR4 signaling, the ligand first interacts with circulating LPS-binding protein (LBP) along with three LRR domain-containing proteins, TLR4 and the two co-receptors CD14 and myeloid differentiation protein (MD 2, together comprising the LPS receptor complex [ 5].
Using BIMAS ProScan software [ 12], we identified putative transcription initiation sequences (for example, TATA or initiator elements) within the proximal sequences, which can be indicative of promoters.
Initiation of translation in eukaryotes is thought to be rate limiting [53] and overexpression of initiation components, for example the initiation factor elF4E, occurs frequently in human cancers [54].
"He craved initiation and looked for gurus" — for example, Miłosz's influential kinsman Oskar Milosz and the man called "Tiger" in Native Realm.
Despite a very high rate of initiation of breastfeeding, for example, only 6% of infants are exclusively breastfed at six months in the Northeast of Italy [ 13].
