The stress factors which can stimulate initiation of embryogenic competence include heavy metal ions [ 9, 10], high temperature [ 11, 12], explant wounding [ 13], and high osmotic stress [ 3, 14– 16].
Minichromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm2 7) participate in the assembly of prereplicative complexes to establish competence for initiation of DNA synthesis (DNA replication licensing).
Intriguingly, him-17 mutant germlines also displayed altered patterns of histone H3 methylation, which could suggest that chromatin modification contributes to the competence for initiation of meiotic recombination.
For example, inhibition of Shh in mandibular explants during the transition of dental competence to initiation (E10.5) leads to tooth arrest at the bud stage [ 29, 30].
If these pathways could be modified to induce ETs with higher initiation rates that have competence to form normal somatic embryos they could be used to increase the initiation frequency of SE for commercial applications.
Our focus is to understand the maturation of PMCs present in 1.0 mm anthers into meiocytes, that is, what processes are required for the cessation of mitosis, acquisition of meiotic competence, and initiation of meiosis?
Thus, molecular mechanisms used to pattern the first row of teeth (the only row of teeth in mammals and most vertebrates) are redeployed as 'triggers' of dental competence and initiation in each subsequent row.
Within minutes after partial hepatectomy, quiescent liver cells in the remaining lobes enter a state of replicative competence (an initiation phase), followed by a proliferation phase and, finally, by a termination phase (Zimmermann, 2002).
Nitta, M., Kume, T. & Nogawa, H. FGF alters epithelial competence for EGF at the initiation of branching morphogenesis of mouse submandibular gland.
In conclusion, cytoplasmic 3' processing of SSU pre-rRNA may not be strictly required for nascent SSUs to engage in translation initiation, but it correlates clearly with full translation competence of newly synthesized SSUs.
