Sentence examples for initiation and presentation from inspiring English sources

Some patients might have had active subclinical disease at the time of ART initiation and presentation of symptomatic disease might have arisen from ART-induced restoration of an immune reaction against M. tuberculosis (unmasking) [ 21].

It appears that for most of the common epithelial cancers, decades may elapse between initiation and clinical presentation [ 4] and it is likely that the effect of perturbed metabolism, consequent to a Western lifestyle, is manifest throughout but with an amplifying impact in the latter more accelerated stages (Fig.  2).

The question is confounded by the believed, but uncertain, long time frame between initiation and the clinical presentation of these cancers that may occur decades later.

Recognition of a specific PAMP by a specific TLR triggers events that result in the initiation of antigen uptake, processing, and presentation, as well as expression of co-stimulatory molecules and secretion of cytokine mediators.

This risk of death is highest in the first few months after antiretroviral therapy initiation, and has been attributed to presentation to care with advanced disease [ 12, 70].

CXCL14 has not been reported to be significant in the context of rheumatic tissue but has been shown by Shurin and coworkers [ 54] to be a potent chemoattractant and activator of dendritic cells, which have been proposed to play a role in the initiation and perpetuation of RA by presentation of arthritigenic antigens to autoreactive T cells [ 55].

We performed lumbar puncture at 3 5 time points in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infected patients with TBM (n = 34), including at TBM diagnosis, at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (day 14), 14 days after ART initiation, at presentation of TBM-IRIS, and 14 days thereafter.

Mortality rates of between 8% and 26% have been reported, 1 with advanced immunodeficiency as a key risk factor. 2 High rates of loss to follow-up after HIV testing result in late presentation for ART initiation and are associated with poor treatment outcomes.

It has been suggested that DCs play a role in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory arthritis by presentation of arthritogenic antigens to autoreactive T cells [ 19, 33- 35].

Recently, The UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Steering Committee defined presentation at a stage when there is a substantial risk of death (i.e., CD4 counts <200/mm3 or clinically-defined AIDS) as presentation with "advanced HIV disease" and presentation with a CD4 cell count below 350/mm, resulting in a delay in treatment initiation, as "late presentation"[ 7].

That and presentation.