Variations in the UTRs then impose additional controls over translation, specifically, the initiation, termination, and efficiency of translation.
According to this view, Hat1p as a means of modulating local chromatin organization may be just one mechanism among multiple redundant pathways that dictate initiation timing and efficiency at particular origins.
It remains a mystery why the ribosome requires multiple copies of L12 dimers (equivalent to P1/P2 dimers in eukaryotes [ 56]) to achieve optimal initiation and elongation efficiency [ 20].
The conclusion by Kudla et al. (2009), however, is based on two critical assumptions: (1) that MFE and CAI are good proxies of translation initiation and elongation efficiencies, respectively, and (2) that the effect of translation elongation is independent of translation initiation.
It can be found that almost all of the initiating sites of IPAc units on SIPA chains were active for the cationic polymerization of IB and both initiation efficiency and grafting efficiency were close to 100% at sufficient molar ratio of TiCl4/IPAc.
These findings indicate that evolutionary pressure on highly expressed genes influenced both codon bias and translation initiation efficiency and therefore explains contradictory findings that codon usage bias correlates with translation efficiency of native genes, but not with the artificially created gene pool, which was not subjected to evolution pressure.
Characteristic features of sleep disturbance were seen in patients with schizophrenia: profound difficulties in sleep initiation and maintenance, poor sleep efficiency, a slow wave sleep (SWS) deficit, and an increased REM density.
Due to the slow initiation and steric hindrance, the initiating efficiency is only around 50%.
Eukaryotic replication origins exhibit different initiation efficiencies and activation times within S-phase.
To decrease YhjH expression, we designed a series of ribosome-binding sites (RBS) with predicted lower translation initiation efficiencies and used them to replace the original RBS (RBS1) upstream of yhjH.
