To investigate the grammatical patterns that participants routinely mobilize for their turns initiating topic transitions, three types of cues are taken into account: pitch register, discourse markers, and questions.
Health-care professionals were dominant in leading discussions for all of the 13 topics summarised in Figure 1, with women initiating topic discussions with their treatment team in fewer than 14.5% of consultations.
Frequencies of discussing and initiating topics were calculated and whether these varied according to indication for DNA testing and course of counselling (in total one vs multiple visits) was tested using χ or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate.
For example, Wilkinson, Lock, Bryan, and Sage (2011) successfully taught a PWA to use topic alerters as a new method of initiating topics, and Wilkinson, Bryan, Lock, and Sage (2010) employed direct training of a PWA to increase the development of topics.
An interview guide was developed that served to initiate topics; questions were evolved through an iterative process as researchers gathered information.
However, if identified by a dyad as problematic, test question sequences may be amenable to therapeutic modification or eradication (Burch et al., 2002), with the knock-on effect that a speaker with aphasia then has the opportunity to initiate topics, and to make use of a full range of multimodal resources to construct turns.
According to the test design, candidates at higher levels are expected to engage in functions such as initiating a topic, developing/supporting it, or finding opportunities of change the topic.
Overall, 32% of nurses and 42% of physicians reported routinely initiating the topic of IPV in practice.
…everybody would need to be convinced that the evidence was strong enough (M, Immunologist, 24 YiHP) …everybody would need to be convinced that the evidence was strong enough (M, Immunologist, 24 YiHP) Beyond the need for evidence, a small number of physicians expressed difficulties in initiating the topic of anal cancer screening with patients.
JJO initiated the topic, reviewed literature and wrote the manuscript.
Preparedness emerged as a key construct related to whether respondents routinely initiated the topic of IPV.
