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Janus kinase 1 (JAK 1) plays a critical role in initiating responses to cytokines by the JAK signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT).
These networks have at least partially filled a coordination gap for identifying and initiating responses to global pandemics (see Burkle et al. 2012), but coordination in the implementation of specific response remains largely lacking.
By contrast, SP1-mediated regulation would occur directly at the outer envelope (an ideal position facing both the cytosol and the chloroplast) [ 5], rapidly initiating responses to changes in the cytosolic and/or chloroplast environments post-translationally during stress.
For example, TRPM8 (transient receptor potential M8) and TRPA1 (transient receptor potential A1) affect human physiology by initiating responses to volatile chemical agents or cold air via Ca2+-mediated activation of the peripheral nervous system, epithelia and underlying tissues [ 6– 8].
Osteocytes play crucial roles in sensing and initiating responses to mechanical loading by regulating the composition of the mineralized matrix [65,66] and deploying a range of local and systemic signals, including nitric oxide [67], prostaglandins, RANK ligand [68] and the osteoblast inhibitor sclerostin [69].
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Target words, i.e., participles, were presented in italics to initiate responses.
However, remedies can also initiate responses at lower local levels of organizational scale.
Furthermore, it is stressed that automatically, reflexively elicited responses may diverge from more strategic, reflectively initiated responses.
The slight change in upstream ABA-receptor gene expression could initiate responses in a series of downstream genes.
Dependent upon the extent and nature of the stressor, cells initiate responses that can promote either survival or death pathways.
The NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway is critical to initiate responses to oxidative stress; however, constitutive activation occurs in different cancer types, including serous ovarian carcinomas (OVCA).
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