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We propose that priority effects may be an important mechanism in initiating population genetic differentiation.
In renal cell carcinomas, we identified a tumor initiating population, expressing the mesenchymal marker CD105, which fulfills the criteria for definition as cancer stem cells (CSCs) [ 2].
Recent studies showed that with advance to blastic phase the predominant leukemia initiating population in CML shifts from a lineage−CD34+CD38− progenitor to a more differentiated granulocyte-macrophage progenitor.
Solely from the perspective of initiating population transformation, 'underdominance only' is disadvantageous as it requires multigenerational release of a large numbers of individuals (albeit smaller than the numbers required for sterile male release programs [ 24]).
We previously identified a tumor initiating population, expressing the mesenchymal marker CD105, which fulfills the criteria for definition as cancer stem cells (CD105+ CSCs) able to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that favor tumor progression and metastases.
We propose, therefore, that for antigen-SIT in both allergy and AID, a stepwise approach, with dose escalation activating T cells through increasing strength of signal to a higher maintenance dose, will induce tolerogenic IL-10-secreting cells, capable of suppressing the effector properties of their initiating population.
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The impetus for initiating population-based EIP surveillance for MDR GNB was the emergence of CRE in the United States.
However, underdominant constructs can be viewed as unappealing when transforming large populations due to the high release numbers required to initiate population transformation [ 20, 21].
In optimal conditions, S. pombe featured a delay in the time to initiate population growth and a marginal reduction in proliferation rate relative S. cerevisiae.
However, in terms of their effect on an initiated population on the risk of developing cancer, it is suggested that such a distinction is largely irrelevant.
About 20 30 specimens of each species were used to initiate populations reared in the laboratory.
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