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Unbound virus was removed by washing and the cells placed at 37°C (in GMEM) to initiate entry.
This cleavage step induces the transmembrane subunit to undergo a dramatic conformational change that allows its N-terminal end (also called the "fusion peptide") to engage the target cell membrane in response to co-receptor (HIV) or low pH (influenza hemagglutinin) and initiate entry of the virus into the cell (see [22] for a recent review).
Detailed molecular and genetic analyses in C. elegans have revealed how the worm senses its environment and reacts to changing environmental conditions by activating conserved signaling pathways to initiate entry into the dauer stage (Fielenbach and Antebi 2008; Schaedel et al. 2012).
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Also, it was shown that the CHO-K1 cell line has a decreased critical mass for initiating entry into S phase of the cell cycle (unpublished data).
N-linked glycosylation of proteins in the ER initiates entry into a complex glycoprotein-specific quality-control system (GQC) that maintains the fidelity of the secretory and transmembrane proteome.
Next, we computed the radius of curvature (RC) of the osculating circle to the xy trajectory at each time point because we observed that the zoite initiates entry with a circular movement and a given body curvature which changes while it rotates along its axis.
Lord Laming said: "The benefit would be that every new contact with a child by a member of staff from any of the key services would initiate an entry that would build up a picture of the child's health, developmental and educational needs.
Picornaviruses are representative models for such viruses, and initiate this entry process by their functional receptors.
Like HA, it recognizes and binds to a receptor on the cell surface to initiate virus entry.
HA then binds to specific sialosaccharides found on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells to initiate cell entry [ 12].
The HEV capsid protein is believed to bind to a cellular receptor to initiate viral entry and replication.
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