Next, we hypothesized that resistance-related genes are initially induced through carboplatin treatment in A2780 tumors (initial response) and show higher basal expression level in vehicle-treated A2780cis tumors compared to vehicle-treated A2780 tumors (acquired resistance).
Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that the endogenous levels of RASSF9 mRNA were initially induced when keratinocytes were exposed to a calcium concentration of 2 mM (differentiation-inducing conditions) for 1 day, but were thereafter reduced as differentiation progressed (Figure S10).
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was initially induced by the iso stimulation (100 nM) for 1.5 hours.
Corrosion of ferrous metals in soil is a multiscale process initially induced by the localized electrochemical reactions outlined by Dension et al.5 in 1932, and further developed by Rossum6 in 1969.
The −10 V voltage application initially induced a higher power output, but later had a detrimental effect on the MFC performance.
In a schematised lobule, the model shows that CCl4 initially induced cell death of a pericentral ring of hepatocytes, followed by a wave of proliferation that starts in the surviving hepatocytes next to the inner ring of dead cells and continues to the peripheral hepatocytes, finally restoring the characteristic micro-architecture of the lobule in a 7-day process.
Constants which represent the initially induced voltages along the d-axis and q-axis.
They observed that synthetic polymers initially induced greater DR efficiency, but as result of mechanical degradation, DR efficiency of synthetic polymers declined more quickly than the polysaccharides.
Anaesthesia was initially induced by intramuscular injections of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (1 mg/kg) to allow preparation and handling of the animals and maintained with a mixture of ketamine (5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg).
To overcome the limited surface that fungi can inhabit at low water availability due to restrained growth, a MC optimal for growth should be initially induced, followed by a drying period to stimulate pigmentation.
In the case of convective mixing induced by QB, because forcing of QB is confined to the cloud base and is maintained, strong small eddies are initially induced around a thin unstable layer at the cloud base and spread to the middle and upper parts of the neutral layer.
