Stage I : initial translation; a bilingual translator whose mother tongue is Arabic generated an independent translation in Arabic, referred to as T1.
Stage I - initial translation: two certified translators with Italian as their mother tongue (Translator1 and Translator2) independently translated the tool into Italian producing two forward translations defined as T1 and T2.
For the Spanish and Portuguese part of the study, an experienced medical translator will undertake the initial translation.
To confirm that the English and Japanese questionnaires had the same contents, the initial translation into Japanese was re-translated into English by bilingual faculty members, and the contents of the original English and re-translated English versions were compared to ensure consistency in the questions.
The English version was translated using rigorous methods involving initial translation by one party and creation of five possible versions.
The initial translation was done by two independent translators fluent in the original language (English) and the target language (Kiswahili).
The country-specific adaptation process can occur either within the same study if relevant countries are included initially or subsequent to completion of the initial translation, if an existing translation needs to be adapted for a new country identified later.
initial translation from English to French by a professional translator, and back-translation into English by a bilingual clinician; 2).
The modified version of the ACT was translated, incorporating the experiences and findings from the initial translation and back translation, and the pilot test.
The initial translation was accomplished by two trained screeners, thus the translators were not only knowledgeable about local expressions of psychological suffering, but also about clinical diagnostics, procedures and concepts.
We translated the questionnaire into Dutch, and independently back-translated it into English to check accuracy of the initial translation, both literally and idiomatically.
