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Continuous measurement of oxygen consumption was coupled with the analysis of initial substrate and composted product for chemical oxygen demand (in the soluble and non-soluble fractions), which enabled an evaluation of the organic matter biodegradability.
This initial phase is significantly prolonged if the initial substrate and injected acceptor concentrations are at nutrient-limiting levels, or if the microbial kinetic parameters and initial biomass concentration do not yield efficient microbial growth and substrate utilization.
Furthermore, we introduce a novel simplified method to determine the surface coverage, by taking only four parameters into account – namely the specific surface area of the initial substrate and the concentration, size, and density of the adsorbed particles.
The derived analytical removal rate depends upon the injection flow rate, the initial substrate and supplied acceptor concentrations, the stoichiometric coefficient for acceptor utilization, and the sorption characteristics of the substrate; the removal rate does not depend upon the dispersion parameters, microbial kinetic parameters, and initial biomass concentration.
The group of two curves in the lower part of the plot contains spectra of the sample before oxidation (initial substrate) and after full reduction of the previously existing oxide film (fully reduced by CO).
The determination of kinetic parameters using fusion enzymes CB and BC with the substrate β-glucan is difficult because of combined enzyme activities on initial substrate and intermediate products (Figure 7a).
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In the present study, K content in the vermicompost was significantly higher than initial substrates and normal compost.
The significant reduction and narrow range of C N ratio below 20 1 and reduction in C P ratio recorded in the vermifertilizer obtained from vermibeds compared to initial substrates and compost reflected the high rate of organic matter decomposition, and mineralization thereby resulting in mature and nutrient rich and agronomic value added vermifertilizer.
In accordance with these reports in the present study also maximum enhancement of microbial activity especially in 50 % CD + 50 % CCL (28 and 15 %), 50 % HD + 50 % CCL (35 and 20%%) and 50 % SD + 50 % CCL (36 and 27%%) vermibeds over initial substrates and compost was recorded.
The significantly enhanced levels of NPK in the vermicompost obtained from all vermibeds especially in 2 2 ratios of CLL and AD over initial substrates and compost which indicates the effective decomposition of CLL with AD by the combined action of earthworm microbes.
l-Valine is formed starting with two pyruvate molecules as the initial substrates and l-isoleucine is synthesized starting with 2-ketobutyrate and pyruvate as initial substrates.
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