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First we point out that one can consdier the case for the ensomble as one particle having an initial mean given and an initial standard deviation.
Thus, we suggest to limit the standard deviation to the initial standard deviation value as demonstrated in Figure 4 by the continuous red line.
The standard deviation for initial footstep length is set to (sigma _{s_{0}}=0.2;!text {m}).
Figure 9 Mean and standard deviation for initial and optimized topology of the ECPSM: back-EMF waveforms versus electric degree.
Figure 11 Mean and standard deviation for initial and optimized topology of the ECPSM: electromagnetic torque versus electric degree.
Figure 8 Mean and standard deviation for initial and optimized topology of the ECPSM: magnetic flux density in the air-gap under magnet and iron poles.
Based on this we are able to calculate the total harmonic distortion (THD 4 factor that allows for assessing the improvement of waveform of the back EMF, which in our case becomes around 32%. Figure 7 Mean and standard deviation for initial and optimized topology of the ECPSM: cogging torque versus mechanical degree.
To test this last hypothesis we adopted the approach mentioned in Step 1 that focused on defining and reflecting on the average penalty and the standard deviation for the initial participant sample.
The initial perturbation to the field coefficients is based on an estimate of the standard deviation for each coefficient, discussed in detail in the next section.
In another study, after an initial learning period, patients with chronic heart or lung disease had a within-person standard deviation for 6 MWD of about 6%.
Our compatibility fitness score is within the standard deviation for median households worldwide.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com