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It can be used for the initial stage of sintering.
An activation energy of nano-TiN densification under MWS varied from 26 ± 3 kJ/mol at the initial stage of sintering (900 1200 °C) to 162 ± 22 kJ/mol at higher temperatures.
We can conclude that in samples 3Y-TZP (DIPE), mass transfer process is more intensive than in samples TZ-3Y (TOSOH), which was confirmed by higher sintering rate at the initial stage of sintering.
The initial stage of sintering of various ceramic powders has been investigated by many researchers [1 3, 6].
Strong surface activation predetermined implementation of grain boundary mechanism at the initial stage of sintering, which requires higher activation energy.
The analysis of temperature dependence of normalized grain size (Fig. 3) and linear densification rate (Fig. 2) suggests that during the initial stage of sintering (T < 1100 1200 °C), the primary mechanism of densification could be a grain boundary sliding.
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Our numerical results demonstrate that mutual wettability and relative size of the particles do not affect the shrinkage rate during the initial stages of sintering.
The evolution of strength at the initial stages of sintering is considered both theoretically and experimentally.
The simulation results showed that in the initial stages of sintering, when interparticle necks are small, the modulus increases with the neck size.
Sintering kinetics are developed for the initial stage of catalyst sintering in porous, supported catalysts, as opposed to sintering in model (flat-surface) catalysts, for both mechanisms of atom and crystallite migration.
Most likely, at the initial stage of microwave sintering, the actual temperature in the contact zones (necks) was much higher than the average temperature within the volume of the material.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com