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The DDR response can be envisioned as a signal transduction cascade in which DNA lesions act as initial signals that are detected by sensors and passed through transducers [11], [12].
Dendritic cells (DCs), similar to skin-residing Langerhans cells, have been implicated in providing initial signals that break the immune protection of arterial walls [ 2, 3].
First, the initial signals that trigger the apoptosis during development and upon injury may be quite different.
Remarkably, GPs did not mention psychosocial or spiritual problems among the initial signals that a patient was in need of palliative care, although they did consider psychosocial and spiritual support as elements of palliative care.
Recent research has suggested that structures called centrosomes, known to be required to separate copies of the DNA during cell division, are used as a hub to integrate the initial signals that determine whether a cell should divide or not.
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential during the healing process at multiple stages, ranging from the initial signal that instigates the immune response, to the triggering of intracellular redox-dependent signalling pathways and the defence against invading bacteria.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced directly after tissue damage and are essential during various stages of the healing process, ranging from the initial signal that instigates the immune response to the defence against invading bacteria [1], [2].
The incongruence between existing theorisations and assumptions on one side and pragmatic and empirical observations on the other provide an initial signal that the structural independence hypothesis and the present accounts of FRP development should be revisited.
In response they have developed effective defence systems against these agents based on a combination of constitutive defences as well as induced defences expressed only after an initial signal that invaders are present [1] [3].
These results, as hypothesized by Vermot and colleagues, suggest that the initial signaling events that induce cardiogenesis and AVC formation are genetically hardwired in the myocardium and independent of flow and contraction, but that these epigenetic forces are required for later steps in both endocardial and myocardial differentiation.
Previous research on single joint movements has lead to the development of models of control that propose that movement speed and distance are controlled through an initial pulsatile signal that can be modified in both amplitude and duration.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com