These factors are indirectly accounted for by initiating the model with high initial prevalence.
Figure 7 shows robustness curves for a target time 10 years after initiation, for low (solid), medium (dash) and high (dot-dash) initial prevalence of TB and HIV.
For one thing, it fails to account for the initial prevalence of positive results among studies that never even get submitted to journals.
The initial prevalence suggests that many women in the community with early but palpable breast cancer fail to seek medical attention until their cancer is advanced.
Use of the ELISA test was generally preferred in all scenarios, but no paratuberculosis control was highly preferred for the small herd with 10% initial prevalence and was frequently preferred in other herd scenarios.
The effects of sample size (recapture percentage), initial prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test, transmission rate between unvaccinated badgers, Vaccine Efficacy for Susceptibility (VES) and Vaccine Efficacy for Infectiousness (VEI), on study power were determined.
A recent stochastic compartmental model for paratuberculosis transmission in US dairy herds was modified to predict herd net present value (NPV) over 25 years in herds of 100 and 1000 dairy cattle with endemic paratuberculosis at initial prevalence of 10%and20%0%.
All of these studies report the frequency and stage distribution of lung cancers found during initial ("prevalence") screening, and several studies also report rates of detection at the time of annual follow-up.
The initial prevalence rates fell at the lower end of the spectrum when compared with those found in United States military personnel, Canadian military health personnel, and certain Canadian civilian populations.
Depending on the initial prevalence of each strategy, the game can fall into different long-term behaviors such as a stable state in which a third of players use each strategy, or wild fluctuations in which one strategy nearly disappears and then rebounds at the expense of the others.
We found that the initial prevalence growth rate and peak prevalence were tightly and positively correlated (Figure 4, cyan markers).
