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Exact(19)
Using the existing foundation structure, the energy pile can reduce the initial construction cost such as drilling and grouting cost, and eliminate the need for additional construction space.
As a measure of cost-effectiveness, the procedure estimates minimum life-cycle cost, sum of initial construction cost and excepted damage cist over life-cycle of the structure.
Each composition of life-cycle cost is analyzed including the initial construction cost, the isolators cost and the excepted damage cost over life-cycle of the structure.
The total expected lifetime cost is used in the optimization to account for both initial construction cost and future equivalent failure costs.
While the initial construction cost was very high, the service continues to carry 15,000 people a day, and reportedly its 50-cent fares cover more than half of operating costs and significantly reduce traffic congestion.
Seal coat is the most commonly used asphalt pavement type due to its low initial construction cost and ease of application in countries such as Turkey, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand.
Similar(41)
But Governor had already been struggling with initial construction costs that had gone far over budget.
The developer will come up with the money for the capital investment, raising the initial construction costs from investors.
A case study based on an office building demonstrates that annual energy costs and initial construction costs are major contributors to the whole building life cycle cost.
Economic evaluation of transport infrastructure is as important as its technical and structural design: often only initial construction costs are calculated to evaluate economic project sustainability.
To avoid the initial construction costs and ongoing operational and maintenance expenses, facility planners and designers decided to use economic analysis to evaluate alternative construction materials, assemblies, and building services with the objective of lowering costs.
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