Particles are uniform in diameter, and different initial concentrations are used in the study.
Furthermore, the analysis conducted by Peng et al. [17] indicated that the depletion rate of monomers was basically constant after the primal stage of the reactions, even though different initial OA concentrations were used.
To evaluate the yeast nitrogen demands for growth and fermentation, two initial nitrogen concentrations were used: 67 mg l−1, which yields a nitrogen-limiting condition that produces sluggish fermentation (Mendes- Ferreira et al. [2009]), or 10- fold higher (670 mg l−1), under which nitrogen is in excess.
To investigate the substrate tolerance of Bacillus sp. 2 6, different initial glucose concentrations were used for l-lactic acid production (Figure 2).
Initial oil concentration, biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were used as independent variables (factors) and oil removal as dependent variable (response) in a 60 days trial.
In initial experiments both 1% and 4% O2 concentrations were used.
The difference between total and initial glucose concentrations is used to constitute a measure of the sinistrin concentration.
The same method (using different initial drug concentrations) was used to determine IC50 values for bafilomycin A1, concanamycin A, and brefeldin A against resistant and nonmutant strains.
Very high gravity (VHG) fermentations, in which high (>270 g/l) initial sugar concentrations are used, can in theory yield much improved efficiency because higher final ethanol concentrations are reached [ 2].
The breakthrough time (tb, the time at which dye concentration in the effluent reached 1 mg L−1) and bed exhaustion time (te, the time at which dye concentration in the effluent reached 99.5%% of initial dye concentration) were used to evaluate the breakthrough curves.
