Sentence examples for initial bottlenecks from inspiring English sources

Our two extreme scenarios of bacteria introduction (identical or different genetic strains introduced within each species), provided insights into the importance of initial bottlenecks when estimating CST rates.

Rare examples of inference in non-standard scenarios can be found in O'Ryan et al. (1998) including three populations and two successive divergences, or Estoup et al. (2004) (10 populations that sequentially diverged with initial bottlenecks and exchanging migrants with neighbouring populations).

Y Combinator's big initial bottleneck was that there was one Paul Graham, and he only had 24 hours in a day.

initial bottleneck station 28 (process time as 92.34 s) and second again the same bottleneck station 28 after the improvement (process time as 90 s) is shown.

In this context, the measurement of the loss of variability caused by such a putative initial bottleneck is necessary in order to understand its impact on the ancestral variability of the first Native Americans.

As observed in Z. lateralis, an initial bottleneck associated with island colonization may result in a loss of allelic diversity across the genome, which if associated with a concomitant loss of MHC diversity [74] could lead to reduced surveillance for foreign antigens.

Cell-cell variations in the initial bottleneck enzyme level P 0 will thus result in different lag1 durations.

The upper confidence interval of the temporal method is often far higher than the initial population size during the initial bottleneck generations in most scenarios.

In Table  2 we look at an initial bottleneck population of 100 haplotypes while varying the number of genotypes sampled from this population from 25 to 125.

Moreover, relatively higher levels of LD are observed in isolates with a small number of founders that experience slow growth during the early generations following the initial bottleneck [ 18].

We note that this procedure can therefore result in an initial bottleneck of each single deme; the same is true for the equilibrium model of Städler et al. (2009).