While far lower concentrations of potentially harmful DEE components are expected to reach the brain upon inhalation, this organ is known to be highly sensitive to oxidative stress because of its high energy demands, and its relatively low content of antioxidants (Floyd 1999).
After seven days, mice were sacrificed by use of CO2 inhalation, and target organs (spleen and kidney) were excised aseptically, weighted individually, and homogenized in sterile saline by using a Stomacher 80 device (Pbi International, Milan, Italy) for 120 s at high speed.
Two Ceria nanomaterials (NM-211 and NM-212) were tested for inhalation toxicity and organ burdens in order to design a chronic and carcinogenicity inhalation study (OECD TG No. 453).
At the organ level, methacholine inhalation induces a complex bronchomotor response involving both bronchoconstriction and, to some extent, paradoxical bronchodilatation.
However, protein-based therapies show great promise for many types of respiratory disease since they can be delivered to the target organ directly by inhalation.
In the case of CO2 induction, capsule growth appears to resemble the in vivo situation that the yeast cells encounter in the lung, which is the first organ infected after inhalation of the infectious particles.
The parameters monitored were: body weight, food and water consumption (drinking water study only), hematology, clinical chemistries, cytogentics of bone marrow cells (inhalation study only), mortality, terminal organ weights, and gross and histopathology.
Some studies have provided estimates for organ doses after inhalation of radon and its progeny separately for the extrathoracic airways, and have reported a pharyngeal dose that was nearly as high as the lung dose (Kendall and Smith 2002; Jacobi and Roth, 1995).
For the former, the vector may be delivered by direct injection into the parenchyma of the tumor or organ of interest, via inhalation, intravenously, or intra-arterially.
For the general population mainly exposed by the oral route and through tobacco smoke inhalation, the kidney is the critical organ.
