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Rapid intravenous infusion of mannitol, can cause high osmotic pressure.
Rapid infusion of mannitol increased plasma osmolality, which effected the transcellular redistribution of sodium and potassium.
The patient was diagnosed with viral encephalitis and received an IV infusion of mannitol, dexamethasone, and antibiotics.
After the infusion of mannitol, urine sodium decreased statistically (p < 0.001).
Intravenous infusion of mannitol is considered to be the 'gold standard' for the treatment of increased ICP.
The infusion of mannitol attracts water from interstitial space to intravascular space, which results in transient intravascular volume expansion and dilutional hyponatremia.
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These children had raised ICP that was refractory to other management strategies including the use of bolus infusions of mannitol.
Subsequently each subject received an infusion of 20% mannitol (10 15 ml kg−1 i.v.; 2 ml min−1), and was placed in a stereotaxic instrument, with bregma 4.2 mm below lambda.
Attempts have been made to overcome this obstacle by transiently opening the BBB via infusion of hyperosmotic mannitol [ 8], focused ultrasound [ 9, 10] and ultrashort pulsed laser [ 11].
However, in our study, we found that the magnitude of increase in serum osmolality was higher, although not significantly, after the infusion of 20%% mannitol than 3.1 % HS (Table 3).
The maximum ICP decrease was seen 25 min after the start of hypertonic saline infusion and 45 min after the start of mannitol infusion.
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