As the Supreme Court decided in 2004, the statute applies only to the most abhorrent conduct, and federal courts have carefully rejected suits for infringing on American foreign policy-making as well as for evidentiary reasons.
For example, when a policy infringes on a patient's autonomy, the least restrictive alternative should be sought; or when a policy infringes on a patient's privacy, the least intrusive alternative should be sought.
Siegel told the New York Times her quarantine "raised substantial civil liberties issues", and added: "The policy infringes on Kaci Hickox's constitutional liberty interests.
At the same time, Catholic bishops waged a national campaign arguing that the federal policy infringed on religious freedom and violated the church's social and moral teachings on birth control and abortion.
All the provinces approved the constitution except Quebec, which claimed that it infringed on its policy of restricting the use of the English language, did not give Quebec a veto on future constitutional changes, and failed to officially recognize Quebec as a distinct society.
In language much like that in her Sept. 9 ruling declaring the law unconstitutional, Judge Phillips wrote that the 17-year-old policy "infringes the fundamental rights of United States service members and prospective service members" and violates their rights of due process and freedom of speech.
Meanwhile, some commercial and society publishers, such as the American Physiological Society (APS), have complained that the policy infringes on their copyrights and will put them out of business by cutting into their subscription base.
Abercrombie claims in a court brief that Elauf's scarf infringed on company policy because the company explicitly forbids its "models" — as sales staff are called — from wearing the color black or from sporting headwear in store, which is why she was not offered the job.
So, strictly speaking, Arizona may not be infringing on the current federal policy.
Save for another CCR case brought against another civilian contractor which was settled, all such cases have been dismissed before trial for a blend of reasons that typically include the so-called "political question" and "state secrets" doctrines – limitations the judicial branch puts on itself to avoid infringing on military or foreign policy questions, among others.
