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There was only one block (90 frequent and 30 infrequent stimuli), and the order of stimuli presentation was random.
Participants were instructed to simply monitor the infrequent stimuli.
This design enabled the reliable estimation of sustained activity in response to frequent stimuli and transient activation due to infrequent stimuli.
Relatively infrequent stimuli, like flashes or tones, tend to increase the speed of the brain's internal pacemaker.
The P300 was enhanced to the infrequent stimuli, but there was no main effect for target instruction, although instruction did impact a higher-order interaction.
The results showed N1 effects for instruction, suggesting enhancement due to an attentional set established prior to stimulus delivery, and for frequency, suggesting orienting to the infrequent stimuli.
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Perhaps, simply engaging in a task or processing an infrequent stimulus engages the top-down inhibition of other distracting information.
Subjects (n=21) participated in 4 blocks, two in which the infrequent stimulus was the instructed target and two in which the frequent stimulus was the instructed target.
Transient ERPs are traditionally defined as the response to an isolated or infrequent stimulus that provide enough time to the system to return to its initial state before onset of the next stimulus [1], [7].
These studies have used so-called standard oddball paradigms in which a particular phoneme or syllable is repeated several times (frequent stimulus) before a deviant (infrequent) stimulus is presented.
The frequent stimulus elicited a larger Nc compared to the infrequent stimulus (p < 0.001).
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