A systematic review that examined the risk factors for delayed presentation in cancer found that non-recognition of the severity of symptoms, symptom type (for example, vague), infrequent care-seeking, and fear were the predominant risk factors for delayed presentation for gynaecological cancers.
Similar to prior studies, we also found a significant association between discrimination based on race/ethnicity and infrequent primary care utilization.
Of note, racial/ethnic discrimination by healthcare workers was significantly associated with infrequent primary care utilization (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.8 1.1-5.8t frequent ED utilization.
Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find an association between criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers and infrequent primary care utilization.
Self-reported criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers was significantly associated with frequent ED utilization [odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval 24 (CI) 1.2-6.2] 1.2-6.2]infrequent primary care utilization [OR = 1.6, 95% CI 0.7-3.8].
In unadjusted analyses, self-reported criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers was significantly associated with frequent ED utilization (37% vs. 16%%; p = .002) but not with infrequent primary care utilization (30% vs. 24%%; p = .39).39
In multivariable analyses adjusting for sociodemographic and correctional characteristics (Model 2), self-reported criminal record discrimination by healthcare workers remained significantly associated with frequent ED utilization (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-5.8 1.2-5.8t infrequent primary care utilization (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.9-4.5).
This probably describes a very infrequent type of care in one service.
Low socioeconomic status, minority status, and unemployment are associated with patterns of infrequent preventive dental care and high rates of dental disease [ 17].
Therefore we may have underestimated the proportions of patients who received some exercise-related recommendations, though other research suggests this type of patient education may be infrequent in primary care [ 26].
