The number of buildings impacted during the Fogo eruption (n = 260) is comparable to most recent impacts (in the hundreds), however, there are relatively few recent examples of lava flows that have destroyed such a large proportion of a community's buildings and infrastructure (Table 1).
All but one of the studies about intersection-related infrastructure (Table 2) were conducted in European countries.
For all three treatment scenarios, the estimated probabilities became significantly greater in the new infrastructure environment with improved infrastructure (Table 9).
In the present environment with the existing infrastructure (Table 7), the expected cost associated with a Phase I compound is $157 million.
In the improved environment with the recommended infrastructure (Table 8), the expected cost associated with a Phase I compound is $144 million (only 8% less), and a compound that is eventually approved will have accumulated a capitalized cost of $592 million by the date of its approval (23% less).
We ran the exact same BDS pipeline on (i) a laptop computer; (ii) a multi-core server (24 cores, 256 GB shared RAM); (iii) a server farm (5 servers, 2 cores each); (iv) a 1200-core cluster; and (v) the Amazon AWS Cloud computing infrastructure (Table 1).
We selected seven features which are related to the most important functionalities of railroad crossing critical infrastructure (see Table 1).
For example, a line between public transportation infrastructure and employment zone shows that issues of public transportation were discussed in relation to an employment zone (see example for public transportation infrastructure in Table 2).
Finally, these cities offer great diversity in terms of socio-demographical profiles, urban morphology, density and transportation infrastructure (see Table 2 for a detailed description of these characteristics in the eight cities).
Table 1 below shows that there is a trend of economic growth in the country, which primarily was driven by public spending, especially in infrastructure.8 Table 1 Main economic indicators of Kosovo 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013*2013* GDP (millions of Euros) 3851 3912 4216 4637 4885 5169 Growth of GDP 6.9 2.9 3.9 5 2.7 3.2 CPI, period average 9.4 −2.4 3.5 7.3 2.5 2.2 Revenues, incl.
