Exact(4)
The central rationale is that governments have insufficient funds to deliver public services and infrastructure, whereas trillions of dollars of private finance are searching for returns.
According to the Centre for Research on Sustainable Urban Development and Transport Systems in New Delhi, Mumbai only invests $200m a year in infrastructure, whereas it should be spending 15 times more.
The originality of the paper lies in the fact that it focuses on relationships between an innovation intermediary and the supply side of the knowledge infrastructure, whereas typically the focus is on interactions with end-users of knowledge and information.
However, in reality, only larger LSPs have this infrastructure, whereas smaller LSPs cannot afford to maintain their own service points.
Similar(56)
Industrialized nations greatly limit their exposure to threats via infrastructure investments whereas regions in the developing world with moderate threat and little means of mitigation are viewed as the most vulnerable.
The latter extension runs over tracks owned by Network Rail (the national railway infrastructure manager), whereas the Metro infrastructure is owned and managed by Nexus (a local public body).
This can be considered as a cost for decentralized control that enables scalable infrastructure construction, whereas negotiation cost for brokerage is needed for the centralized approach via spectrum trading that achieves deterministic spectrum allocation.
The highest percentage value can be observed in the year 2009 (with a strong decrease in GDP and an increase in infrastructure investment) whereas this indicator is decreasing after 2010 and shows a minimum in 2015 (own calculations based on federal budget data and GDP data).
Travel speed can be up to three times higher compared to conventional rail services, whereas infrastructure costs would be three times less than conventional underground rail services.
Most safety interventions associated with the countries' safety progress over the last decade came from the well-recognized areas of infrastructure and enforcement, whereas for some common safety problems, e.g. motorcyclist injury, driving fatigue, elderly vulnerability, prominent solutions are lacking.
Software: Yes, Amazon's been building some great software prowess to complement its dominant Infrastructure business, but whereas it helped create the IaaS space and understands it as well or better than anyone, Amazon is way behind Microsoft in understanding and internalizing enterprise-grade software down to the DNA level.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com