But the days of coasting on Soviet-era infrastructure are over, as output declines from fields first tapped in the 1970s.
Current network infrastructures are over-provisioned to increase their resilience against resource failures.
These are a big problem, especially in London, where parts of the infrastructure are over 150 years old.
However, he agrees with Kuhn and even Denver Water's CEO Jim Lochhead that the era of big infrastructure is over.
More than a third of the pipeline infrastructure is over 50 years old, and a reliable method to monitor corrosion hasn't really existed.
The city's water infrastructure was over 100 years old, and after the end of each winter, once-frozen pipes thawed out, water mains would break, wasting hundreds of thousands of gallons of water.
However, although the disagreements over digital infrastructure were of a recent nature, the signs were there early on that Guthrie was not going to excel at dealing with another tricky area – Canberra.
As best as could be determined by the investigators and in consult with clinic staff, conditions at the clinic and in the surrounding community including political climate, population, weather trends, and infrastructure were stable over the study period.
Although various components of the financial and clinical infrastructure were replaced over a period of time (Table 1), at least one or more of the systems which served as sources of truth had continued to be in use, so that the changes themselves were staggered across a period of time.
In 1987 a rapid transit system, the Docklands Light Railway, was built to link the Isle of Dogs and other areas; major expansions of the rail and London Underground (subway) infrastructure were carried out over the next decade.
