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Characterised by weak infrastructure, shortage of equipment, medical supplies and qualified health professionals, the health care system lacks the capacity to provide adequate quality of care.
Additionally, the standards and methods used in countries with mature EMSs are not always suited for use in developing countries due to a lack of infrastructure, shortage of funds, or local demographics.
Worldwide HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, and malaria account for 165 million disability-adjusted life years lost per year, with HIV/AIDS the leading cause of death among adults in Africa.[1 ] Preventionand treatment of these diseases has posed enormous challenges in areas with limited health care infrastructure, shortage of health care staff, high disease burden, and widespread poverty.
The four countries face similar challenges in expanding their testing regimes: insufficient resources and infrastructure, shortage of adequately trained staff, and difficulties with referral and follow-up.
Around 3.6 million children in Sudan are currently out of school, mostly due to lack of infrastructure, shortage of trained teachers and the resuming of armed conflict.
Wars lead to disruption of health systems - destruction of health infrastructure, shortage of human resources for health, scarcity of supplies and equipment and hamper access to health services [ 8].
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A recent report on urban slums published by the Policy Research Working Paper Series of the World Bank concluded that these measures "have made formal housing expensive and unattainable to a large share of the population, reinforced both chronic urban infrastructure shortages citywide and squalid, precarious living conditions in urban slums".
Despite some major challenges like water and infrastructure shortages, China is slowing moving forward and has some of the highest shale potential in the world (estimated at a whopping 1,115 Tcf).
Pipeline and infrastructure shortages towards accessing natural gas, upon which the New England states have become increasingly reliant, showed itself to be a key problem in the winter of 2013, when gas shortages in the Boston area and elsewhere led to severe price spikes.
Still, there are many challenges to be overcome, in terms of major out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure, changing lifestyles, varied demographics, infrastructure shortages and widespread inaccessible geographical locations.
Major challenges in the provision of health services in rural settings include limited transportation and communication systems and infrastructure, shortages of health professionals, and restricted access to resources for diagnostics, prevention and curative purposes [ 1– 3].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com