The design of deep excavations, construction procedures and execution methods aimed at realizing underground infrastructure are characterized by major uncertainties related to soil properties, construction imperfections and hydrogeological site conditions.
Because infrastructures are characterized by different attributes such as price, performance, trust, and greenness, the task scheduling problem becomes more complex and challenging.
Moreover, each infrastructure is characterized in terms of flow modification with and without train.
Primary care in developing countries is characterized by suboptimal infrastructure, procedures and standards for safe practices [ 6].
The report by KPMG [52] indicates that power system in Africa, including West Africa, is characterized by aging power infrastructure that is unable to meet current power demands, underutilization of generation capacity due to low maintenance of assets, high primary energy costs and securing resources at reasonable prices to fuel current and build new assets among other challenges.
Risk to civil infrastructure facilities from extreme natural and manmade hazards is characterized by involuntary exposure and potentially severe consequences to the public.
Following the approach of large technical systems [3], the development of infrastructure systems features strong elements of path dependency and is characterized by an inherent tendency towards growth.
Chitwan district, the study setting, is located in the southern plain (terai) of Nepal (with some hilly areas) and is characterized by a relatively better health and road infrastructure than other districts.
Rosemont-La Petite-Patrie is characterized by a relatively good public and active transportation infrastructure.
Health in prison is characterized by a deficit of staff, exceeded prison infrastructures, a lack of means financial and an absence of supervision.
