The damage to buildings and to the civilian infrastructure, estimated at $6bn, will take many years to repair.
Mario Ortíz, a Conatel executive in charge of infrastructure, estimated that providing universal Internet access -- including lines to vast tracts of the Amazon jungle -- would be at least $1.9 billion.
Development of Simandou – one of the world's biggest iron deposits, containing billions of tonnes of high-grade ore – has been hindered by years of legal wrangling as well as the enormous cost of the required infrastructure, estimated at more than $20bn£15bnbn).
A similar study to the one presented here (695 gorilla samples collected, 384 samples extracted, and 16 microsatellite markers amplified) within the context of a pre-existing field infrastructure, estimated additional laboratory costs for the analysis of the samples to be approximately 12,000 Euros (not including the cost of labor, [23]).
Including improvements to the roads and other infrastructure, Mr. Zegarelli estimated that the cost "could approach $1 billion".
Hezbollah has an extensive infrastructure, an estimated two to three thousand active fighters, and thousands of additional members.
The researchers, working with Check, developed a data infrastructure to estimate with precision individual spending in relation to anticipated income.
Net GHG emissions from the wastewater infrastructure were estimated at 1.426 kg CO2-eq/m3 (σ = 0.41 kg CO2-eq/m3).
When thinking about future housing and infrastructure, and estimating demographic effects on school and hospital provision, planners have to think in the lump, of course; just as they must when organising aid for refugees.
For example, payments to state and local governments for infrastructure were estimated to have a multiplier of between 1 and 2.5, whereas the multiplier for transfer payments (unemployment benefits, food stamps, etc). to individuals was between 0.8 and 2.1.
