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Infrastructure demand will eventually catch up with supply, Mr Cheung concludes, as long as infrastructure spending remains disciplined.Moreover, investment that adds little to a society's stock of productive assets is not necessarily malinvestment.
We did not assess variants of cropland expansion into grazing land of lower productivity, such as savannas or steppes, or into wilderness areas because of the high costs (for example, infrastructure demand) associated with such a strategy and the apparent difficulties to achieve similar crop-yield levels.
Kevin P. Gallagher, a professor of global development policy at Boston University and an expert in Chinese energy investment overseas, said a strong infrastructure demand in developing countries and a sharp fall in coal financing by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank had opened up the field for Chinese involvement.
Increasing urban population, particularly in emerging economics and world's most populous countries such as China and India, has created additional boost in annual global energy and infrastructure demand.
The resulting communications infrastructure demand spike in fixed lines combines with faster wireless networks to create a 1990s-like bonanza for chips that facilitate speed, security and reliability of service.
Instead, the recent development in smart grid technologies, featured by the application of information and communications technology (ICT), advanced metering infrastructure, demand side management and virtual power plants, provides other possibilities to mitigate the solar PV impact.
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Current infrastructure demands require bridging larger spans while maintaining construction and structural simplicity.
"There's no creation of wealth without the necessary infrastructure -- and that infrastructure demands outside aid," Mr. Chirac said.
Due to high costs, infrastructure demands, and environmental concerns, there is motivation to move toward dry machining, i.e., machining without the use of metal removal fluids (MRFs).
The bank has developed a model that uses expected growth in income, urbanisation and population to forecast future infrastructure demands.Urbanisation has the biggest impact on electricity requirements.
Large public infrastructure projects, and the private provision for infrastructure demanded by the service sector have fueled growth and created many job opportunities for low-skilled workers.
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