Ms. Jacobs said all of the building problems point to an "infrastructure breakdown".
But perhaps the most advanced approach to using big data to tackle city infrastructure breakdown is IBM's smarter cities business offering.
Other collections of photographs documenting those years tend to focus on extremes of misery, on infrastructure breakdown, on evanescent outbreaks of colorful behavior that will disproportionately resonate in later decades.
Infrastructure breakdown in extreme weather events (in particular for water and sewage) is also likely to play a role in an increase of diarrhoeal outbreaks (4, 24).
As you might expect, academics have come up with a name for such breakdowns: infrastructure failure interdependencies.
Breakdowns in infrastructure like burst and broken pipes in abandoned homes have exacerbated the issue—"we got water running just all over Detroit, in buildings commercial, industrial, residential," local activist Charity Hicks said in an interview.
Some risks are caused by the northward propagation of 'southern' infections, whereas others are related to deformations of the permafrost zone that brings about breakdowns in infrastructure, sanitary functions, etc. Ice thinning and difficult conditions for the sea-hunting industry (sealing) may lead to increased incidence of injuries among the small populations of indigenous peoples of the North.
These sequences suggest not the kind of incivility and violence that exists in all societies, but the ordinary breakdown of infrastructure and civil management — a sort of lawlessness of neglect that indicates more fundamental breakdowns of civic order.
The report identifies a series of imminent risks, including illness, the breakdown of infrastructure and public services, food and water insecurity, and loss of rural livelihoods.
Tripoli is especially hard-hit – long neglect by the state has left Lebanon's northern areas poverty-stricken, compounding the breakdown in infrastructure and the periodic stints of violence linked to the Syrian war.
