Since the UUT is connected to UTRAN, the TS informs the UTRAN emulator about the packet arrival and awaits until the emulation ends.
The single-hop PU-HREQ packet informs the neighbor nodes that the PU's activity has been detected on a special channel and directs them to select another unused channel for data transmission.
For uplink communication shown in Figure 1(b), the link layer directly informs the upper TCP stack which packet enters a retransmission process and which packet is dropped because the monitored link layer and the TCP stack are within the same station.
This method is the most commonly used method; the interaction between the multimedia source and the delivery layer is limited to a type of service field in each video packet that informs the delivery layer of its priority class.
As soon as the admission control at the sender receives enough confirmation packets, it informs the application about such an event (step 1) in order to enable the effective transmission of data for the transmitter (steps 2) and, consequently, to the target (step 3).
The AP then informs the node about the feasible rate for the relay through the polling packet.
Out-of-order packets immediately cause the ACK generation to inform the sender of the packet loss/recovery in a timely manner, as introduced in the recommendation of RFC 2581 [40].
For example, writing from "Flat Bush" on 24 December 1787, some "27 subscribers" informed the New-York Packet that they were tired of seeing "Publius" in every paper and asked the printer to discontinue publishing the series.
When a new packet arrives at a node of an intermediate group, that node will first update the GSV by adding the new PID into its GSV and then inform the new received packet to its leader later.
At the ACK subslot, the receiving MS sends an acknowledgment to the BS and RS to inform the state of the packet.
