It is informed and continues to be informed by many people and information sources.
Our Bayesian estimation model used all available data by converting self-reported dietary values to comparable 24 h urine values and was informed by regional hierarchies and country-level covariates.
Criteria informed by Guyatt and Rennie.
However, none of the CLC systems were informed by a priori estimation of physiological parameters (i.e., SI) with subsequent incorporation into and refinement of the CLC.
This framework is informed by spatial data and expert knowledge.
The assumption of our Bayesian approach is that the final estimations, informed by the raw data, covariates and regional hierarchy, are closer to the 'truth' than any isolated datapoint.
In practice, however, this model is often sub-optimal because many comparisons are typically only informed by a few trials, and thus, the estimation of between-trial variances (i.e., their posterior distributions) is very imprecise.
The rationale for using a conservative estimation of NTHi pneumonia incidence was informed by the considerable variation amongst estimates reported in the literature [ 30- 34].
For the multivariate analyses, the choice of estimation approach was informed by the nature of the dependent variable under consideration in each model.
For the multivariate analyses, the choice of estimation approach was informed by the nature of the dependent variable, i.e. utility decrement.
Furthermore, although GLM model specifications could be informed by the data (Blough et al., 1999), the estimation for the link and variance and the incorporation of the uncertainty from this estimation (including underlying heteroscedasticity) in the final parameter estimates is rarely done; for an exception see the Extended Estimating Equations approach in Basu and Rathouz (2005).
