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In contrast, Term Summation generates embeddings of biomedical articles by only considering the top-k most informative words in the articles, which effectively reduces irrelevant information in the embeddings of biomedical articles.
Figure 3 Comparison across magazines based on informative words.
Figure 1 Patterns in the use of informative words for Inspire.
Figure 2 Patterns in the use of informative words for Azan. Figure 3 shows the combined plot, with informative intensity increasing from right to left.
Considering the fact that informative words are usually infrequent in biomedical articles, we utilize the Skip-gram architecture of Word2Vec, which shows better performance for infrequent words than the CBOW architecture of Word2Vec in generating embeddings [21].
The Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK [44]) implements a method to obtain the 'most informative' words, by taking the ratio of the likelihood of words between all available classes, and looking for the largest ratio: max_{text{all words } w} frac{P ( w vert c_{i} )}{P ( w vert c_{j} )} (3) for all combinations of classes (c_{i}), (c_{j}).
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Similar cueing effects have been found with other conflict tasks and type of cues, ranging from semantically informative word cues preceding the target (Alpay, Goerke, & Stürmer, 2009; Wühr & Kunde, 2008), to the spatial location (Corballis & Gratton, 2003; Crump, Gong, & Milliken, 2006) or color (Lehle & Hübner, 2008) of the target itself.
The reformulation is needed because non-informative words need to be discarded before querying PubMed.
Prior to each stimulus subjects are presented with the words "LEFT" or "RIGHT" indicating the direction of motion with 75%% accuracy or with the non-informative word "NEUTRAL".
Figure 5 shows the most informative trigger words for the Localization dataset, identifying crucial words such as 'local ization)' and 'secret(ion)' as highly relevant trigger words for this dataset.
The statistics provided in Table 1 can be used to provide an overview of the use of terminology in SCP, for identifying research trends, and for identifying informative key words for literature searches.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com