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Missing information was imputed using multivariate imputation by chained equation method [ 34].
Given the small number of respondents for whom licensing-related information was imputed (n = 23), imputed values had minimal impact on the overall results.
4 5 6 Missing information was imputed in four ways.
Missing information was imputed from similar patients treatment at the same hospital.
Each missing information was imputed twenty times, given its binary nature and the large amount of missing data.
We defined two populations for analysis: protocols where missing information was imputed and protocols that reported all core components and any additional information such as adjustments for multiple testing required to accurately recalculate the sample size (complete reporting).
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If information is imputed, the reader should be told how this was done and for which items.
Consequently, users of models employing the UKPDS 82 risk equations will need to ensure missing risk factor information is imputed with care.
For years with partial information, data were imputed because rates were reasonably stable over short timeframes and this minimised loss of follow-up time.
For the 3% of patient-months with missing modality information, 17% of this missing data were imputed based on information available in the prior and subsequent months.
Once the complete SNP matrix was established (supporting information, File S1), the missing data were imputed using the realized relationship matrix method multivariate normal expectation maximization (MVN-EM) described by Poland et al. (2012b) with the R environment (R Development Core Team 2008) package rrBLUP (Endelman 2011).
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