These modern marvels would be connected by grids in which water, electricity, waste removal, traffic, hospitals and schools are seamlessly integrated with information technology to run them more efficiently.
Today, Mr. Ng, who left his job in information technology to run the club full time, estimates he has more than 400 active members, about one-fourth of whom are Malaysian.
Kapil Sibal, India's minister of communications and information technology, who ran three of these meetings, told the executives that they needed to screen content that users created and to prevent derogatory material from being published.
When Bumrungrad looked for information technology to run its operations a decade ago, it found that vendors were so wrapped up in the arcane and fragmented ways in which rich-country firms do business that they could not manage to design a complete computer system from scratch.Undaunted, the firm set about the job itself, using best practice from other industries.
Previous attempts to transform NHS information technology have run into trouble.
In the process, security became a more strategic part of software development and deployment, but still an "add-on" — not core to the strategic information technology that runs a business.
A surge in productivity growth that began in the mid-1990s waseenen as an encouraging sign that the computers were at last becoming visible; but it faltered, and some, such as Mr Gordon, reckon that the benefits of information technology have largely run their course.
When it grabbed the ERT signal, "It was a test that we could do it, that we could provide the TV signal to the whole of Greece," said Costas Efimeros, who started The Press Project in 2010 as a sideline to an information technology company he runs, with several profitable sports and car websites.
The CIO's role inside many companies is evolving well beyond the traditional function of running information technology (IT).
