Mapping the development of anatomical knowledge over the continuum of medical training may yield valuable information about how theoretical basic science knowledge transforms into clinically applicable skills and practices [ 22].
Domain analysis (DA) techniques are more and more applied in information science, software engineering and even knowledge management, to help in the creation of a controlled vocabulary to represent, index and retrieve every kind of information.
Carnivore and Devolution Advocates expressed diametrically opposed perspectives that legitimized different sources of policy-relevant information ("science" for Carnivore Advocates and "local knowledge" for Devolution Advocates).
In medical education itself, the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam has moved to a competency model by asking examinees to use their medical science knowledge to integrate information across disciplines and reason about medical problems rather than simply regurgitate facts.
Unlike the medically-dominated ethos of global health, diplomatic and foreign policy perspectives are both multilevel and multicausal, involving the synthesis of information from a variety of social science knowledge systems [ 14].
Thus, just as in the non-scientific world information is accepted on trust, so in science, knowledge grows by depending on the testimony of others.
This problem is exacerbated because many methods have been proposed in different research communities (e.g. NLP, Information Science, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning), exploiting different techniques, with low knowledge about related efforts in other communities.
In recent years, with the rapid development of information science, ontology becomes a popular research topic in the fields of knowledge engineering and information management.
Recently, work on ontological categories has attracted interest not only among philosophers, but also in information science and the biomedical sciences, where ontologies are used to organize the knowledge represented in information systems (Smith 2003).
With the knowledge explosion in the 20th century, it was gradually subsumed under the more general field of information science.
A common infrastructural basis for such activities is the use of computational science, information science, biomedical informatics, and information technology derived methods and tools (e.g., to support team collaboration, project planning, data management, knowledge generation, and results dissemination to name a few of many such applications) [ 1, 14].
