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By combining multiple inhibitory/gating information processing measures, it may be possible to identify a subgroup of SPD subjects with multiple inhibitory deficits who are phenotypically most similar to patients with schizophrenia.
As working memory is crucial to complex information processing, measures of both processing speed (PS) and working memory retrieval speed (WMS) are thought to predict performance on general cognitive tasks (Jensen 1998; Salthouse and Babcock 1991).
Subscale 1 (information processing) measures attention, processing commands and orientation; subscale 2 (behaviour) measures appearance, motor and verbal behavior; Subscale 3 (physiological condition) measures vital function, oxygen saturation and urinary continence.
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The inverse temperature α≥0 can be regarded as a rationality parameter that translates the cost of information processing measured in units of information into units of utility.
Similar results suggesting substantial genetic overlap have been found for more basic information-processing measures, such as speed of processing, as well as measures of brain volume (Deary et al., 2006).
That is, genetic correlations among diverse cognitive abilities consistently exceed 0.50 and are often near 1.0 across diverse cognitive abilities including basic information-processing measures (Deary et al. 2006).
They found that some (but not all) of their information-processing measures (memory and representational competence, but not attention and processing speed) correlated with language performance at 12 months and predicted subsequent language performance at 36 months, independent of birth status (see also Dixon & Smith, 2008; Kannass & Oakes, 2008; Snyder & Munakata, 2011).
In particular, the strongest associations with our measure of brain ageing were found with information processing speed measures, and impairments in this domain have been posited as central to the cognitive decline associated with typical ageing.
Information processing was measured by a rapid information processing (RIP) task and inhibitory control was measured using a stop-signal task.
Social information processing was measured using tasks called Identification of Facial Emotions (IFE) and Matching of Facial Emotions (MFE).
Speed of information processing was measured at baseline, and in this analysis, baseline performance was also entered as a covariate.
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