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All members of society must have equal opportunities regarding access to education, information, occupation, office, as well as social, political and economic positions.
For example, measurement error can bias statistical associations between exposure metrics (e.g., dietary information, occupation) and chemical biomarker levels.
Each subject was interviewed face to face about demographic information, occupation, betel quid chewing, smoking history and alcohol drinking habits, as well as personal and family history of various cancers.
The questionnaire items consisted of demographic information, occupation situation, lifestyle (eg, cigarette smoking, exercise and diet), disease history and family history, and physical examination profiles (eg, BP, height, weight, waist circumference, etc).. Smoking was defined as ≥1 cigarette/day, continuous smoking ≥1 year, or giving up smoking ≤1 year.
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Each subject was interviewed face to face about demographic information, occupations, betel quid chewing, smoking history and alcohol drinking habits with a structured questionnaire.
Table 1 Descriptive statistics All Males Females No information about occupation High paying occupation Natives (71.83^mathrm{a} 72.85 70.81 65.48 74.94) (74.94) No. obs.
25 Job stability is relatively high in most occupations in Finland, 26 and therefore the cross-sectional information on occupation represents the lifelong occupational history rather comprehensively.
Even when population-based cancer registries are available, no relevant information on occupation is usually registered, so it is not possible to relate occupation to cancer.
Information on occupation was insufficient to allow the role of occupational exposure to be assessed.
Available information on occupation for suicide cases was coded by two researchers using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) classification [ 11].
The CPS provides a vast amount of worker information, including occupation, industry, family structure, demographics, public benefit use, taxes paid, and union membership.
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