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The additional phase information is calculated from original reverberant speech.
Phase map can be retrieved from the deformed fringes, and the object height information is calculated from the phase map in a calibrated DFP system [2].
For faster imaging, researchers have also developed off-axis holography in which phase information is calculated from a single hologram [ 9].
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Initial phase information was calculated from a SAD dataset (Table 1).
Colony size information was calculated from individual photographs using Qt ColonyImager software, version 1.0.1.
In particular, in Rolls and Milward (2000) and subsequent papers, the multiple cell information was calculated from the first five cells for each stimulus that had maximal single cell information about that stimulus, that is, from a population of 35 cells if there were seven stimuli (each of which might have been shown in, for example, 9 or 25 positions on the retina).
Random mutual information is calculated for each dataset from one million of random extractions, similarly as described in the previous section.
Thereafter, mutual information was calculated for each sequence from each set.
dN and the %chSp are related measures, but they are not derived from the same sequence information: dN is calculated from nonsynonymous codons in nucleotide sequences, while the %chSp is calculated directly from protein sequences by extracting the most specific residue for each homologous position after sequence alignment.
The Fisher information matrix F is calculated from (34) and application of the log likelihood function (24).
The PTI of two observable quantities has been derived from Shannon's information concept and is calculated from the probability densities of the observables in the phase space [31].
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