Other approaches have focused on technological interventions such as information communication technologies (ICT) designed to reduce errors through reducing data bulkiness and automating data collection, validation, and analysis [ 4, 17, 18].
Innovations in information and communication technological provide the opportunity to manage and process smart city data and provide timely and necessary information to relevant stakeholders for decision making.
However, since the information and communication technological (ICT) revolution of the mid-nineties, non-traditional activities have become an additional contributor to bank revenues and have also become an important factor that determines bank performance and risk taking.
In order to obtain intelligence in transportation, ITSs have utilized the advantages of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), providing several different technological systems that help users.
The main themes were the institution's view of technology, students' and instructors' background knowledge of technology, technological equipment used, information and communication technologies and professional experience.
The core technological driver towards peer-to-peer are, however, information and communication technologies, which have dramatically decreased the costs of information and self-organising [71].
Information and communication technology (ICT), characterized by continual innovation and rapid technological change, is having a tremendous impact on society.
Governments and corporations – both private and public – have placed great hope and expectation in the capacity of technological innovation in general, and information and communication technologies (ICTs) in particular, to play a significant role in overcoming the structural tension of rising costs and the need for fiscal restraint in the delivery of public healthcare services [ 1- 4].
The third factor is automation and technology advances which have encouraged a shift from workers to machines — "technological change connected with improvements in information and communication technologies, which has raised the marginal productivity and return to capital relative to labor".
Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation.
