Correction: Jean-Bertrand Aristide ReprintsThe minibuses have become a symbol of a vast informal economy and of a culture of "informality" or lawlessness that extends to much of life in Peru.
In a recent paper they sum up much of the mounting body of research on informality and growth, and they contend that the informal economy seems to be an effect rather than a cause.Messrs La Porta and Shleifer start off their paper by comparing different measures of the informal economy and conclude that they are very closely related.
Yet are these sorts of descriptions guilty of relegating Mumbai to a dystopian world of congestion, informality and lack of development?
The owners' home sits between the two cottages, and their cheerful informality and warmth have a great deal to do with the relaxed intimacy.
But over time he says he has learned to appreciate the British informality, the less rigid hierarchies – particularly in academia.
Generally, the tone's a little closer to the chatty informality of something like This American Life than the New Yorker's austere authoritativeness (you suspect that a straight approximation of the latter wouldn't transfer terribly well to television) but is informative enough.
The stagehand's informality clearly shocks the resurrected German leader: "'You've been on television before, Mr Hitler?' she asked after a while.
But its size (only 129 MSPs, compared with the 659 MPs in London) and informality underline the imperfections of Westminster, which is much loved by older inmates but reeks to newcomers of boiled cabbage and calcified minds.
But the aggression and informality of Sergei Udaltsov, a far-left activist, are unattractive as is the idea of more extreme nationalist politics, a point Mr Putin often makes as an argument for preferring his rule to what could follow.Mr Dmitriev sketches out the two most likely future scenarios.
Dissatisfied with the obvious parallels between India and China, Mr Sharma sees a cultural kinship between India and Brazil, countries united in their "late dining habits", "colourful personalities" and "casual informality".
It lacked the informality and flexibility of smaller, younger companies.
