Our ongoing research projects within the US include hepatitis C, pneumococcal disease, influenza, human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, and pertussis, and our international research projects target Zika virus disease, Ebola virus disease, dengue fever, leprosy, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Chagas disease, rabies, and schistosomiasis.
We describe challenges and learnings from selected PASS of rotavirus, malaria, influenza, human papillomavirus and measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccines that assessed or identified potential or theoretical risks, which may lead to changes to risk management plans and/or to label updates.
It has been determined that the strain contains genes from five different flu viruses: North American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza and two swine influenza viruses typically found in Asia and Europe.
It is worth noting that the MeSH "Influenza, Human," which both "influenza" and "flu" translate into, does not include the MeSH "Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype" as these MeSH are placed in two separate branches of the vocabulary's hierarchical structure.
The inclusion of the avian M gene and, therefore, the encoding of the M1 and M2 proteins of emerging H5N1 pandemic strains may bring important protective epitopes for a T- and B- cell immune response, which might not be present in old influenza human isolates.
Zoonotic influenza human cases are entered into EMPRES-i based on official sources (national authorities and the World Health Organization).
Earlier detection of ILI cluster cases in poultry workers may be helpful for finding clustered cases of avian influenza, human-to-human transmission cases, and the early stages of a pandemic.
human avian influenza A. human pandemic influenza A. hepatitis B virus.
Due to limited data available in human, the network for human was much smaller and contained only 413 influenza-human and human-human interactions.
Research has indicated that this virus was a reassortant (mixed species) strain, originating from strains of avian influenza and human influenza viruses.
Concerns about the influenza and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were also frequent.
